مقایسه اثربخشی بازی درمانی و قصه درمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی و حافظه کلامی کودکان دارای اختلال بیش فعالی
کلمات کلیدی:
اختلال نقص توجه/بیشفعالی, بازیدرمانی, قصهدرمانی, کارکردهای اجرایی, حافظه کلامیچکیده
هدف: هدف این پژوهش، مقایسه اثربخشی بازیدرمانی و قصهدرمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی و حافظه کلامی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/بیشفعالی (ADHD) بود. مواد و روشها: طرح پژوهش نیمهآزمایشی از نوع پیشآزمون – پسآزمون با گروه کنترل و پیگیری دوماهه بود. جامعه آماری شامل دانشآموزان پسر مقطع ابتدایی شهر تبریز بود که با روش نمونهگیری هدفمند ۶۰ نفر دارای علائم ADHD انتخاب و بهصورت تصادفی در سه گروه ۲۰ نفره شامل گروه بازیدرمانی، گروه قصهدرمانی و گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه کارکردهای اجرایی بریف و آزمون حافظه کلامی وکسلر بود. مداخله شامل ۱۰ جلسه هفتگی بازیدرمانی مبتنی بر رویکرد شناختی-رفتاری و ۷ جلسه قصهدرمانی آموزشی بود. دادهها با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره و آزمونهای تعقیبی بونفرونی و توکی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که اثر گروه بر کارکردهای اجرایی (F = 21.08, p = 0.0001, η² = 0.42) و حافظه کلامی (F = 12.26, p = 0.0001, η² = 0.30) معنادار بود. آزمونهای تعقیبی نشان دادند که هر دو مداخله نسبت به گروه کنترل تفاوت معناداری داشتند، ولی تفاوت بین بازیدرمانی و قصهدرمانی از لحاظ آماری معنادار نبود (p > 0.05). نتیجهگیری: یافتهها حاکی از آن است که هر دو مداخله بازیدرمانی و قصهدرمانی میتوانند بهطور مؤثر موجب بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی و حافظه کلامی کودکان مبتلا به ADHD شوند، و میتوان از آنها در مداخلات مدرسهمحور و درمانی بهره گرفت.
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حق نشر 2025 زهرا محمدیان (نویسنده); نعیمه محب; جلیل باباپور خیرالدین, بهزاد شالچی (نویسنده)

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