مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت بر خودکارآمدی در دانشآموزان پسر دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص
کلمات کلیدی:
آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی، آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت، خودکارآمدی، اختلال یادگیری خاصچکیده
هدف: دانشآموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص دارای مشکلها و دشواریهایی در زمینه خودکارآمدی هستند. در نتیجه، پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت بر خودکارآمدی در دانشآموزان پسر دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص انجام شد.
مواد و روش: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمهآزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون، پسآزمون و پیگیری دو ماهه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه مطالعه حاضر دانشآموزان پسر پایه ششم ابتدایی مبتلا به اختلال یادگیری خاص مراجعهکننده به مراکز مشاوره و خدمات روانشناختی شهر اهواز در سال 1403 بودند. حجم نمونه برای هر گروه با توجه به ریزشهای احتمالی 15 نفر محاسبه و بر همین اساس 45 نفر پس از بررسی ملاکهای ورود به مطالعه با روش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب و بهصورت تصادفی در سه گروه مساوی گمارده شدند. دادهها با پرسشنامه مشکلات یادگیری کلورادو (ویلکات و همکاران، 2011) و مقیاس خودکارآمدی (شرر و همکاران، 1982) جمعآوری شدند. هر یک از دو گروه آزمایش 10 جلسه 60 دقیقهای بهترتیب تحت آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت قرار گرفتند و در این مدت گروه کنترل هیچ مداخلهای دریافت نکرد. دادهها با روشهای کایاسکوئر، تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی در نرمافزار SPSS-25 در سطح معناداری 05/0 تحلیل شدند.
یافتهها: یافتهها نشان داد که هر دو آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت باعث افزایش خودکارآمدی در دانشآموزان پسر پایه ششم ابتدایی دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص شدند و نتایج در مرحله پیگیری حفظ شد (001/0P<). علاوه بر آن، تفاوت بین روشهای آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت در افزایش خودکارآمدی آنان معنادار نبود (05/0P>).
نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، مشاوران، درمانگران و روانشناسان میتوانند از هر دو روش آموزش مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت در کنار سایر روشهای آموزشی برای بهبود ویژگیهایی مانند خودکارآمدی در گروههای آسیبپذیر از جمله دانشآموزان پسر پایه ششم ابتدایی دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص استفاده نمایند.
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حق نشر 2025 Soroor Mansouri Amin, Rezvan Homaei, Fariba Zargarshirazi (Author); Parviz Asgari (Translator)

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