The effect of cognitive behavioral analysis psychotherapy system on ambivalence in expressing emotions, impulsivity, and cognitive distortions in individuals with a history of suicide.
Keywords:
Cognitive-behavioral analysis treatment, ambivalence in expressing emotions, impulsivity, cognitive distortions, suicideAbstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing ambivalence in emotional expression, impulsivity, and cognitive distortions in people with a history of suicide. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The sample included 40 people with a history of suicide who were randomly assigned to two groups of 20: CBT and control. The research instruments included the Ambivalence in Emotional Expression Questionnaire (AEQ), the Barrett Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest), whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The CBT intervention was implemented in 9 90-minute sessions and the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that CBT had a significant effect on reducing ambivalence in emotional expression (F = 24.79, p < 0.001, Eta² = 0.30), impulsivity (F = 15.66, p < 0.001, Eta² = 0.23), and cognitive distortions (F = 19.45, p < 0.001, Eta² = 0.27) in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings are in line with Beck's (1976) cognitive-behavioral theories and Gross's (2015) emotion regulation and emphasize the need to use CBT in treatment and preventive programs for people with a history of suicide. Limitations such as the lack of long-term follow-up and the failure to examine specific dimensions of the variables limited the generalizability of the results.
Downloads
References
Ahmadi, E., & Rezaei, M. (2022). Investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing suicide risk factors in young individuals. Iranian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(3), 45-56.
Barratt, E. S. (2004). Impulsivity: Integrating cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological perspectives On the psychobiology of personality. Elsevier. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=swhd33LCBqcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Barratt,+E.+S.+(2004).+Impulsivity:+Integrating+cognitive,+behavioral,+and+psychophysiological+perspectives+On+the+psychobiology+of+personality,+Elsevier.+%09&ots=E2CBmEAK9s&sig=Vz4sBfdqrdwqM5OPfh3ddSl_IVc
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. International Universities Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=nSFvAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT196&dq=Beck,+A.+T.+(1976).+Cognitive+therapy+and+the+emotional+disorders,+International+Universities+Press.+%09&ots=FhdE3vOF-C&sig=dzwAllZFbwc-VAYssnsdT48JxRI
Beck, A. T., Davis, D. D., & Freeman, A. (2020). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders (3rd ed.). Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2012-26654-001.pdf
Darusman, M. R., & Hidayati, D. S. (2024). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Change Cognitive Distortions Among Adolescents With Bipolar II Disorder. Procedia Studi Kasus Dan Intervensi Psikologi, 12(2), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v12i2.29892
Ebrahimi, S., Moheb, N., & Vafa, M. A. (2024). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Distortions and Rumination in Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.12.1.922.1
Farzin Bagheri, S., Maryam, S., Vahid Savabi, N., Zahra Nakhostin, A., & Zeynab, B. (2023). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Difficulties in Emotional Regulation and Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Psychology, 27(1), 28-37. https://www.magiran.com/paper/2549692
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations Handbook of emotion regulation. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914545792
Halford, W. K., Bernoth, M., & Petch, J. (2022). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing impulsivity in mood disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(4), 567-583.
Huang, L. S., Molenberghs, P., & Mussap, A. J. (2023). Cognitive distortions mediate relationships between early maladaptive schemas and aggression in women and men. Aggressive Behavior, 49(4), 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22083
Karimi, S., & Sharifi, H. (2023). The impact of psychological interventions on emotion regulation in individuals with a history of suicide attempts. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 12(4), 33-48.
King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of personality and social psychology, 58(5), 864-877. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=UZim3OAPwe8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Linehan,+M.+M.+(1993).+Cognitive-behavioral+treatment+of+borderline+personality+disorder,+Guilford+Press.+%09&ots=qEUv1rUxB7&sig=eQEN5FBMihlKWDDo7e3Hj4PtgUs
Mayer, J., Smith, R., & Johnson, K. (2023). Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on cognitive distortions in individuals with high-risk behaviors. Journal of Behavior Therapy, 45(3), 312-327.
Norouzi, R., & Heydari, A. (2024). The role of cognitive distortions in suicidal behaviors and the effectiveness of cognitive interventions. Journal of Psychological Research, 10(2), 67-82.
Rajaeinia, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy on decreasing perfectionism, increasing positive affect and mental performance in Female Clergies. International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences, 2(4), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.22034/injoeas.2022.160688
Sheykhangafshe, F. B., Saeedi, M., Niri, V. S., Nakhostin, Z., & Bourbour, Z. (2023). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on difficulties in emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Psychology, 27(1), 28-37. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2024-37952-004
Shojaeian, S., Khajavand Khoshli, A., Asadi, J., & Azizi, L. S. (2023). Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy with emotion-focused therapy on cognitive flexibility and impulsivity in adolescents with internet addiction. Journal of Nurse and Physician in Combat, 11(40), 26-33. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380140314_Comparison_of_the_Effectiveness_of_Mindfulness-Based_Cognitive-Behavioral_Therapy_with_Emotion-Focused_Therapy_on_Sensation_Seeking_in_Adolescents_with_Internet_Addiction
Tavakoli, S., Abbasi, F., Heydari, B., & Akhondzadeh, M. (2024). Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy and Gestalt Play Therapy on Vandalistic Behaviors, Impulsivity, and Cognitive Flexibility in Aggressive Male Elementary Students. Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling (JARAC), 6(3), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jarac.6.3.4
Zimmerman, M., Morgan, T. A., & Stanton, K. (2022). The severity of psychiatric disorders and cognitive distortions. Psychiatric Services, 73(5), 456-463.
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maryam Zarnaghash, Benyamin Sabrian, Nadereh Sohrabi, Maryam Kooroshnia (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
