Validation and effectiveness of the training package on coping with hope in the elderly

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to deeply investigate the lived experiences of imminent death from the perspective of the elderly, to develop a Facing Hope Training Package, to validate it and its effectiveness on the hopefulness of the elderly. In the qualitative part, it is based on the phenomenological method that seeks to explain the nature of objects through the experience of individuals. The participants of this study included elderly people (60 years and older) residing in one of the nursing homes in Tehran city were selected by purposive sampling. In the quantitative part, sampling was initially done by convenience and for replacement, random sampling was done, which is suitable by selecting 10 subjects for each group. The data collection tool in the first stage was a semi-structured interview, and in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the educational package, changes were evaluated based on the Schneider et al. (1991) hopefulness questionnaire. Initially, the interview texts and concepts were read several times and the main concepts were translated into text and placed in other classes for similar codes (54 classes). By establishing axial classes, 8 classes were obtained. In the quantitative part, the experimental and control subjects can be separated based on the results of the tests performed. Overall, the squared value of ETA indicates a strong relationship between education to face death and hopefulness. As a result, there is sufficient evidence for the positive of the research question.